优质棉中棉所127与高衣分材料杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质表型评价及典型相关分析

以纤维品质优异的陆地棉品种中棉所127为父本，以高衣分品系GH07-44为母本，构建了F₂和F_2:3分离群体，并对F₂和F_2:3群体的产量和纤维品质性状进行表型评价及典型相关分析。结果发现，分离群体各性状存在丰富的遗传变异和超亲分离，变异系数为1.15%～15.19%；F₂群体中铃重的变异系数最大，2个世代中纤维成熟度指数的变异系数均最小。超高亲比例为1.71%～66.86%，其中F_2:3群体马克隆值的超高亲比例最高，2个世代中最小的超高亲比例性状均为上半部平均长度。简单相关分析表明：衣分与马克_{隆值、成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数呈极显著负相关；铃重与马克隆值呈极显著正相关，与F}2群体的成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与F_2:3群体的成熟度指数呈显著正相关。典型相关分析表明，产量性状组与纤维品质性状组间存在相关关系，主要表现在衣分与上半部平均长度呈负相关、与马克隆值呈正相关，随着世代的增加，产量和品质性状的相关性降低，因此实现产量和纤维品质同步改良虽有一定难度但有可能实现。本研究筛选出2个世代衣分均超过43%且纤维品质较好的材料9个（马克隆值均值＜4.5、上半部平均长度均值＞30 mm），为棉花产量和纤维品质的同步改良提供了基础材料。     

新形势下纵深推进长汀水土流失治理的实践与探索

近年来,长汀县水土流失治理取得了关键性胜利,规模化成片治理基本结束。随着治理工作向纵深推进,显现出治理主体单一、流失斑块分散、治理资金不足、成效亮点不足以及治理成果巩固难等突出问题。为补齐治理短板,2019年以来,长汀县以项目化推进水土流失精准治理深层治理为抓手,强化工作举措,推动全县水土流失治理取得了决定性胜利,持续推进治理经验被中组部、国家发改委等部门推广应用。本文介绍了近年来长汀县水土流失精准治理深层治理工作的主要做法和成效,并提出了今后工作思路,供参考借鉴。     

花生耐盐碱响应机制及缓解措施的研究进展

花生是中国重要的油料作物,其单产和总产居世界首位。新疆盐碱地耕地面积占全疆总耕地的30.12%,盐碱地严重制约了新疆农作物发展水平。本文概括了盐碱胁迫对花生种子萌发的影响、盐碱胁迫对花生生长及生理特性的影响、花生对盐碱胁迫的响应机制,提出了缓解盐碱胁迫的相应措施,总结了花生耐盐碱响应机制及缓解措施的研究进展,最后指出了未来新疆盐碱地区花生的发展方向,并提出了应注重土壤改良剂研发及应用的建议,同时也为该地区选育和筛选耐盐碱花生种质以及品种提供了参考。     

河北省杂粮生产现状及生产布局展望

河北省是杂粮生产大省,且种类繁多。为稳定河北省杂粮生产发展,进一步调整河北省种植业结构提供参考依据,本文总结了河北省杂粮的历史生产现状,包括面积、单产、总产以及河北省各地市杂粮的分布,试图探索杂粮的生产布局与趋势,同时针对河北省杂粮历史单产水平变化趋势,分析了造成单产变化的成因,并简单提出建议。最后提出河北省杂粮生产布局的展望,将河北省杂粮生产区域布局划分为优势主产区、战略提升区、稳步发展区三个功能区。     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

基于农用STM32的电动机转速监测系统设计

农业作业环境复杂,实时监控农用电动机转速对判断电动机运行状况具有重要意义。笔者设计了一种电动机转速监测系统,该系统主要由光电开关传感器、触发圆盘、OLED、STM32单片机组成,通过单片机的定时器中断和外部中断功能,可实现对电动机转速的实时监控,通过IIC通信技术,可实现转速数据的可视化。该系统抗干扰能力强、精度高、实用性强,适用于恶劣的农业作业环境,同时为其他转速监测方案提供了设计依据。     

EPS364, a Novel Deep-Sea Bacterial Exopolysaccharide,Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth and Adhesion

The prognosis of liver cancer was inferior among tumors. New medicine treatments are urgently needed. In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide EPS364 was purified from Vibrio alginolyticus 364, which was isolated from a deep-sea cold seep of the South China Sea. Further research showed that EPS364 consisted of mannose, glucosamine, gluconic acid, galactosamine and arabinose with a molar ratio of 5:9:3.4:0.5:0.8. The relative molecular weight of EPS364 was 14.8 kDa. Our results further revealed that EPS364 was a β-linked and phosphorylated polysaccharide. Notably, EPS364 exhibited a significant antitumor activity, with inducing apoptosis, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Huh7.5 liver cancer cells. Proteomic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses indicated that EPS364 inhibited cancer cell growth and adhesion via targeting the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that EPS364 is a promising antitumor agent for pharmacotherapy.     

巨龙竹林分结构及物种多样性特征

调查滇西南巨龙竹在2017—2019年的年龄、直径、密度等林分结构因子,并对其植被组成、物种多样性进行分析.结果表明:巨龙竹林分干龄分布、丛立竹密度分布均呈右偏缓峰状;竹丛年龄分布、直径分布均呈左偏聚集状.2017—2019年林分逐年向更高龄、更大径阶、更高丛立竹密度的范围分布,除2018年、2019年的直径分布差异不显著,其余结构特征在各生长季间均呈极显著差异(P<0.01).利用威布尔分布拟合其直径、丛立竹密度分布的效果优于其余分布模型(直径的R2>0.93,密度的R2>0.99).竹冠投影面积与竹蔸面积、丛立竹干数均呈极显著高度正相关(P<0.01,R>0.75),与平均胸径、年龄的相关性较弱(R<0.30).林分共计植物种类73种,隶属于39科67属,其中乔木层以巨龙竹为绝对优势植物;灌木层无优势植物;草本层以多羽凤尾蕨为优势植物;层间植被以荜拔、异形南五味子为优势植物.物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数在各林下植被层中变化一致,各指数由高到低依次为灌木层、草本层、层间植被.灌木层、草本层的植物物种数均随调查样方面积增大而增加,可用自然对数转化线性方程反映其种-面积关系(R>0.97).当调查面积分别为210.25、90.25 m2时,其样方内可涵盖林分85％的灌木、草本植物种类,且后续数量变化趋势不明显.     

电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定水质中的金元素

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了废水中的金元素,探讨了金测定的谱线选择、离子干扰等问题,实验结果表明:在最佳仪器条件和测定条件下,该方法的检出限为0.008 mg/L,方法精密度的方法标准偏差(RSD)在4.28%~1.44%之间,回收率为96%~104%。该方法操作简便,快捷。